中华民国成立，1912年1月28日,孙中山与临时参议院参议员合影
Dr.Sun Yat-sen(fifth from the left,front row)and members of the Provisional Congress
photographed on January 28,1912
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五四运动，1919年5月4日,北京大学师生游行队伍
Students and teachers of Peking University demonstrating on May 4,1919
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清朝末年，中国的封建统治者实行闭关政策，社会经济发展明显落后于西方国家，而且面临内忧外患。英、法等国在世界范围到处掠夺殖民地，并把眼光盯住了中国。1840年鸦片战争失败，缔结不平等的《南京条约》后，中国逐渐沦为半殖民地半封建社会。人民对清政府腐败无能的不满情绪日益强烈。伟大的资产阶级民主主义革命家孙中山，于1905年创立了同盟会，多次在中国领导发动武装起义，失败后流亡国外。1911年10月10日，革命军在武昌再次发动起义，各省纷纷响应，史称辛亥革命。同年底，孙中山在各派革命力量的推举下，于1912年1月1日在南京就任临时大总统，宣告中华民国成立，清帝退位，结束了两千年来中国封建王朝的专制统治。
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At the end of the Qing Dynasty,the feudal rulers faced
serious troubles both at home and abroad.Because of their closed-door policy,China was
economically backward compared with the West.Major European countries such as Britain and
France traveled around the world in search of colonies and,therefore,set China as their
target.After the Opium War in 1840,the defeated Qing government signed the humiliating Treaty
of Nanking,and since then,China was gradually reduced to a semi-colonial and
semi-feudal country.The Chinese people became increasingly frustrated with the corrupted
and incompetent Qing government.Dr.sun Yat-sen,a great bourgeois democratic
revolutionary,set up Tongmenghui,a revolutionary organization,in
1905.He led several uprisings in China but failed and he went into exile overseas.On
October 10,1911,the revolutionary army organized another uprising in Wuchang,known in
history as the 1911 Revolution,and won an unexpectcd
victory.This victory was warmly welcomed by all the provinces thoughout the country.At the
end of the same year,Dr.sun Yat-sen returned to China and with the support of various
revolutionary forces,he was proclaimed in 1912 the Provisional President of the Republic
of China.The Emperor of the Qing Dynasty was forced to abdicate,thus putting an end to the
2,000-year long feudal monarchy. |
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1919年5月4日，为反对当时的北洋政府在巴黎和会上的卖国行为，北京各校3000多名学生在天安门前举行集会和游行示威，提出“外争主权，内惩国贼”等口号。这个举动震动了全国，广大群众纷纷响应，工人罢工，商人罢市，形成了全国性的反对帝国主义和卖国政府的运动，历史上称作“五四运动”。随着运动的深入发展，马克思主义在中国得到传播。五四运动为1921年中国共党成立准备了条件。中国共产党成立，标志着中国的无产阶级开始登上政治舞台。
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On May 4,1919,more then 3,000 students in Beijing gathered
in front of Tian'anmen Gate to demonstrate against the betrayal of the northern warlord
government at the Paris Peace Conference,demanding the safeguarding of national
sovereignty and eliminating traitors in the country.This movement swept the whole country
cousing a widespread response from the masses.The workers and businessmen allwent on
strike and a nationwide movement against imperialism and the traitorous government came
into being.It was know as the May Fourth Movement in China's
history.With the unfolding of the movement,Marxism was disseminated in China.In 1927 the
Communist Party of China(CPC) was founded,marking the entry of China's proletariat into
the political arena. |
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